It’s Diabetes Awareness Month, so we’re here to give you a basic glance at a lesser-known condition that can develop into Type 2 diabetes if untreated; Prediabetes

While it’s a manageable condition, prediabetes often progresses into type 2 diabetes if left untreated. 

This is why it’s so important to understand the risks, symptoms, and preventative measures.

By educating yourself on what to look out for, you can take proactive steps toward better health and avoid complications associated with diabetes.

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes is a metabolic condition characterised by elevated blood sugar levels, although not high enough to be classified as diabetes. 

Specifically, a person is considered prediabetic if their HbA1c (a measure of average blood glucose over two to three months) falls between 5.7% and 6.4%,or if a fasting plasma glucose test shows blood sugar levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L, according to Diabetes Ireland. 

At this stage, the body’s insulin response is already starting to falter, putting increased strain on the pancreas to produce more insulin. 

If left untreated, prediabetes can advance into full-blown type 2 diabetes, raising the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other severe health issues.

Why is it concerning?

Prediabetes is often referred to as a “silent” condition because it usually doesn’t cause any clear symptoms. 

Many people live with prediabetes for years without realising they are at risk. 

However, even without overt symptoms, the elevated blood glucose levels associated with prediabetes can still damage the body, affecting blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves over time. 

Studies show that around 5-10% of people with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes within a year, and the likelihood increases with age, weight, and lifestyle factors. 

Moreover, those with prediabetes are at a higher risk for cardiovascular conditions. 

The good news is that lifestyle changes can often reverse prediabetes, providing a unique opportunity to prevent further complications.

Risks and symptoms

Certain groups are more susceptible to prediabetes, including those who:

• Are overweight or have a high Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Have a sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical activity
• Are aged 45 years or older
• Have a family history of type 2 diabetes
• Have had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)
• Have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels

While prediabetes doesn’t typically show symptoms, some individuals may experience:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision

These symptoms could signal an advanced stage of prediabetes or the onset of type 2 diabetes, so if you experience any of these signs, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for testing.

Early testing

Testing is the only definitive way to diagnose prediabetes. For those over the age of 45, with a family history of diabetes, or anyone with risk factors, healthcare providers may recommend periodic blood tests to monitor glucose levels. 

Early diagnosis empowers people to take preventive actions that can improve their long-term health outcomes and avoid the potential complications associated with diabetes.

The onset of diabetes is not inevitable for those with prediabetes. In fact, prediabetes can often be reversed through lifestyle changes, significantly lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Key preventive steps include:

1. Adopting a Balanced Diet: Reducing intake of sugary foods and beverages, increasing fibre consumption, and focusing on whole foods like vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help regulate blood sugar levels and support weight management.

2. Incorporating Physical Activity: Regular exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes prevention. Even 30 minutes of moderate activity, like walking, five days a week, can make a meaningful difference in blood sugar management and insulin sensitivity.

3. Achieving and Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Weight loss, even a modest amount (5-10% of body weight), can significantly improve blood glucose levels and overall metabolic health.

4. Monitoring Blood Sugar and Health Indicators: Periodic testing and consultation with healthcare professionals provide important insights into blood glucose levels and can help tailor a prevention plan to each individual.

Prediabetes may be a silent condition, but it’s far from insignificant. 

Taking steps now to understand, identify, and address prediabetes can make a big difference in long-term health outcomes.

For more information, visit https://www.diabetes.ie/.

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